PESQUISA VETERINÁRIA BRASILEIRA

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Domingues L.N., Bello A.C.P.P., Cunha A.P., Leite P.V.B., Barros A.T.M. & Leite R.C. 2012. [Characterization of Haematobia irritans and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus control in Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais.] Caracterização do controle de Haematobia irritans e Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus no Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(12):1246-1252. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Informação Genético-Sanitária da Pecuária Brasileira, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Cx. Postal 567, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: dominguesln@gmail.com The effective control of Haematobia irritans (horn fly) and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (cattle tick) is crucial for increasing the productivity of livestock industry in Brazil, but still remains a challenge. A greater knowledge about parasite control in the field is necessary to establish control strategies closer to farmer’s reality and easier to be performed. This study characterized the practices adopted for controlling such ectoparasites on 23 cattle ranches from the Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba region in the state of Minas Gerais, through interviews. Most interviewees recognized the importance of these parasites to livestock, however, many problems related to parasite control were observed. Control of horn flies and cattle tick was a routine in 17.4% and 95.7% of the ranches, respectively, triggered by high infestations on animals. More than six insecticide/acaricide treatments were applied yearly in all cattle ranches controlling horn flies and in 76.5% of the ranches controlling the cattle tick. Pesticide products were applied mostly by manual backpack sprayers (63.6%) without restraining the animals in 45.5% of ranches. Product dilution following manufacturer’s recommendations was performed by 45.5% of interviewees, but 63.6% of them used lower doses per animal than technically recommended. Associations of organophosphates and pyrethroids were the main products used to control both parasites. Although pesticide use was a routine practice, the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) was not common among surveyed people. Most interviewees were able to recognize epidemiological characteristics of the parasites; however, parasite control measures adopted at most cattle ranches tend to jeopardize the efficacy of products, susceptibility of parasites and sustainability of control programs.

• Haematobia irritans Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus horn fly cattle tick mosca-dos-chifres carrapato

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Domingues L.N., Bello A.C.P.P., Cunha A.P., Leite P.V.B., Barros A.T.M. & Leite R.C. 2012. [Characterization of Haematobia irritans and Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus control in Triângulo Mineiro and Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais.] Caracterização do controle de Haematobia irritans e Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus no Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32(12):1246-1252. Departamento de Medicina Veterinária Preventiva, Escola de Veterinária, Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia de Informação Genético-Sanitária da Pecuária Brasileira, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos 6627, Cx. Postal 567, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 30123-970, Brazil. E-mail: dominguesln@gmail.com O controle eficaz de Haematobia irritans (mosca-dos-chifres) e Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (carrapato-do-boi) é um fator crucial à maior rentabilidade da pecuária brasileira, porém ainda constitui-se um desafio. Um maior conhecimento das práticas adotadas no combate destes parasitos faz-se necessário para que se possam estruturar estratégias de controle mais próximas da realidade do produtor rural e mais fáceis de serem executadas. Este estudo caracterizou, através de entrevistas, as práticas adotadas no controle desses ectoparasitos em 23 propriedades da mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba, Minas Gerais. A maioria dos entrevistados reconheceu a importância desses parasitos para a atividade pecuária, entretanto, diversos problemas relativos ao controle parasitário foram observados. O controle da mosca-dos-chifres e do carrapato-do-boi era uma prática rotineira em, respectivamente, 17,4% e 95,7% das propriedades, geralmente realizado em função de elevado grau de infestação dos animais. Mais de seis aplicações de ectoparasiticidas eram realizadas por ano em todas as propriedades que empregavam tratamentos para o controle da mosca e em 76,5% daquelas que combatiam o carrapato. Os produtos eram aplicados principalmente com bombas costais manuais (63,6%) e sem a contenção dos animais em 45,5% das propriedades. A diluição dos produtos segundo recomendações dos fabricantes era realizada por 45,4% dos entrevistados, porém, 63,6% aplicavam um volume de solução por animal menor do que o tecnicamente recomendado. Utilizava-se principalmente a associação de piretróides e organofosforados para o controle de ambos os parasitos. Apesar de utilizar rotineiramente ectoparasiticidas, o uso de equipamento de proteção individual (EPI) não era comum entre os entrevistados. A maioria dos entrevistados conhecia algumas características epidemiológicas dos parasitos, entretanto, o controle parasitário adotado na maior parte das propriedades tende a comprometer não apenas a eficácia dos tratamentos, mas a suscetibilidade dos parasitos e a sustentabilidade do controle.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Brito L.G., Regitano L.C.A., Huacca M.E.F., Carrilho E. & Moya Borja G.E. 2007. Genotype characterization of the horn fly Haematobia irritans from different Brazilian geographic regions based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(1):1-5. Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Embrapa Rondônia, BR 364 Km 5,5, Porto Velho, RO 78900-970, Brazil. E-mail: luciana@cpafro.embrapa.br Blood-sucking diptera are important parasites in bovine production systems, especially regarding confinement conditions. Haematobia irritans, the horn fly, is one of the most troublesome species within bovine production systems, due to the intense stress imposed to the animals. An important aspect while studying the variability within a species is the study of the geographic structure of its populations and, attempting to find out the genetic flow of Brazilian populations of horn fly, the RAPD technique, which is suited for this purpose, has been used. The use of molecular markers generated from RAPD made it possible to identify the geographic origin of samples from different Brazilian geographic regions, as well as to estimate the genotypic flow among the different Brazilian populations of the horn fly.

• Haematobia irritans genetic diversity RAPD-PCR molecular markers

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Brito L.G., Regitano L.C.A., Huacca M.E.F., Carrilho E. & Moya Borja G.E. 2007. Genotype characterization of the horn fly Haematobia irritans from different Brazilian geographic regions based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 27(1):1-5. Laboratório de Sanidade Animal, Embrapa Rondônia, BR 364 Km 5,5, Porto Velho, RO 78900-970, Brazil. E-mail: luciana@cpafro.embrapa.br Blood-sucking diptera are important parasites in bovine production systems, especially regarding confinement conditions. Haematobia irritans, the horn fly, is one of the most troublesome species within bovine production systems, due to the intense stress imposed to the animals. An important aspect while studying the variability within a species is the study of the geographic structure of its populations and, attempting to find out the genetic flow of Brazilian populations of horn fly, the RAPD technique, which is suited for this purpose, has been used. The use of molecular markers generated from RAPD made it possible to identify the geographic origin of samples from different Brazilian geographic regions, as well as to estimate the genotypic flow among the different Brazilian populations of the horn fly.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Bianchin I., Koller W.W. & Detmann E. 2006. [The seasonality of Haematobia irritans in central Brazil.] Sazonalidade de Haematobia irritans no Brasil Central. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(2):79-86. Área de Sanidade Animal, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Cx. Postal 154, Campo Grande, MS 79002-970, Brazil. E-mail: bianchin@cnpgc.embrapa.br Horn fly (Haematobia irritans) is one of the most important Brazilian cattle ectoparasites. Epidemiological studies are needed due the increasing difficulty of their chemical control. In order to obtain a better knowledge of their seasonal population dynamics, 14 days interval fly counts were made on 7-30 month old beef cattle, from winter 1996 to summer 2002. Horn fly population levels increase (P<0.05) was observed during the seasons of each infestation period (spring until autumn), mainly in spring and summer, and sometimes in autumn, followed by a significant reduction (P<0.05) in winter, when the relative humidity decreases to less than 60%. A straight (P<0.05) and immediate correlation between the relative humidity and the fly count was found, whilst the most evident effects of temperature and rain fall (P<0.05) were associated with counts done 42-56 days after attainment of the climatic data. The highest parasitism load (average number of flies per animal) observed for the genetic groups used were: Aberdeen Angus x Nellore = 173.5 (134-254); ½ Brown Swiss x Nellore = 183.5 (32-540); ¾ Aberdeen Angus x Nellore = 133.0 (18-374), and Valdostana x Nellore = 219.0 (58-620). Torrential rain falls during the initial half of the infestation period (spring until midsummer) are common in this region and were considered the main reason for the low to moderate population levels verified at that time, in comparison with those which occurred during the last half of the infestation period.

• Horn fly epidemiology population dynamics ectoparasites cattle.

Abstract in Portuguese:

ABSTRACT.- Bianchin I., Koller W.W. & Detmann E. 2006. [The seasonality of Haematobia irritans in central Brazil.] Sazonalidade de Haematobia irritans no Brasil Central. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 26(2):79-86. Área de Sanidade Animal, Embrapa Gado de Corte, Cx. Postal 154, Campo Grande, MS 79002-970, Brazil. E-mail: bianchin@cnpgc.embrapa.br Horn fly (Haematobia irritans) is one of the most important Brazilian cattle ectoparasites. Epidemiological studies are needed due the increasing difficulty of their chemical control. In order to obtain a better knowledge of their seasonal population dynamics, 14 days interval fly counts were made on 7-30 month old beef cattle, from winter 1996 to summer 2002. Horn fly population levels increase (P<0.05) was observed during the seasons of each infestation period (spring until autumn), mainly in spring and summer, and sometimes in autumn, followed by a significant reduction (P<0.05) in winter, when the relative humidity decreases to less than 60%. A straight (P<0.05) and immediate correlation between the relative humidity and the fly count was found, whilst the most evident effects of temperature and rain fall (P<0.05) were associated with counts done 42-56 days after attainment of the climatic data. The highest parasitism load (average number of flies per animal) observed for the genetic groups used were: Aberdeen Angus x Nellore = 173.5 (134-254); ½ Brown Swiss x Nellore = 183.5 (32-540); ¾ Aberdeen Angus x Nellore = 133.0 (18-374), and Valdostana x Nellore = 219.0 (58-620). Torrential rain falls during the initial half of the infestation period (spring until midsummer) are common in this region and were considered the main reason for the low to moderate population levels verified at that time, in comparison with those which occurred during the last half of the infestation period.

Abstract in English:

ABSTRACT.- Lima, L.G.F, Prado, A.P. & Perri, S.H.V. 2002. [Preferable localization and different infestation levels of the horn fly (Haematobia irritans) on Nelore bulls.] Localização preferencial e índices diferenciados de infestação da mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans) em bovinos da raça Nelore. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(1):25-32. Curso de Medicina Veterinária/DAPSA, Faculdade de Odontologia; Unesp-Araçatuba, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: gustalima@hotmail.com Many studies about Haematobia irritans have been made due to the damages and worries it causes to cattle breeding in many countries. The common name of the fly is related to its behavior. 1111 Europe and the United States of America it is named horn-fly because it stays right on the base of the horns in order to protect itself from low temperatures; in Latin America, however, it is known as "mosca-da-paleta" because of its preferred localization on the shoulder of cattle. Biological aspects of the bovines can lead to different levels of fly infestation in the herd. Mean numbers of flies on different anatomic regions and individual infestations were evaluated in 60 Nelore bulls with the sarne zootechnic features during 1998 in Araçatuba city, State of São Paulo, Brazil. Both sides of the animals were filmed, and the number of flies was recorded in cassette tapes. Fly counts and their delimitation on 15 anatomic regions were performed from film viewing. During rainy days a significant increase (p<0.05) in number of flies in the abdominal region was observed. Shoulders, forelegs, back and ribs showed the highest number of flies (p<0.05). The evaluation of individual infestation revealed less than 50 flies on 50% of the cattle, 50 to 100 flies on 38% and over 100 flies on 12% of them.

• Haematobia irritans horn fly Iocalization anatomic regions bovine sensitivity infestation mosca-dos-chifres localização regiões anatômicas bovinos sensibilidade infestação.

Abstract in Portuguese:

RESUMO.- Lima, L.G.F, Prado, A.P. & Perri, S.H.V. 2002. [Preferable localization and different infestation levels of the horn fly (Haematobia irritans) on Nelore bulls.] Localização preferencial e índices diferenciados de infestação da mosca-dos-chifres (Haematobia irritans) em bovinos da raça Nelore. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 22(1):25-32. Curso de Medicina Veterinária/DAPSA, Faculdade de Odontologia; Unesp-Araçatuba, Rua Clóvis Pestana 793, Araçatuba, SP 16050-680, Brazil. E-mail: gustalima@hotmail.com Haematobia irritans tem causado muitos danos e preocupações na pecuária mundial, bem como despertado o interesse para diversos estudos a seu respeito. Seu nome está relacionado com o local de permanência nos bovinos. É conhecida como "horn fly" (mosca-dos-chifres) na Europa e nos Estados Unidos da América e mosca-da-paleta na América Latina. Os fatores biológicos podem produzir em bovinos de um único rebanho, diferentes níveis de infestação da mosca. Durante o ano de 1998 em Araçatuba, estado de São Paulo, foram avaliados o número médio de mosca por região anatômica; bem como os diferentes níveis de infestação em 60 bovinos da raça Nelore. Os bovinos foram filmados de ambos os lados do corpo para registrar o número de mosca em fitas cassetes. As fitas foram assistidas para a contagem e demarcação da mosca em 15 regiões anatômicas. O maior número de mosca (p<0,05) foi observado nas regiões escapular, interescapular e costal; nos períodos chuvosos observou-se um aumento significativo (p<0,05) na região ventral. As avaliações individuais, demonstraram infestação com menos de 50 moscas em 50% dos bovinos, 50 a 100 moscas em 38% e acima de 100 moscas em 12% dos bovinos.